Datasets

My research combines original datasets with transparent documentation and replication materials. Below are datasets that support my published and ongoing work. For access, citation guidance, and updates, each dataset entry includes a download link and documentation.

DDR-40: Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Programs (1980–2020)

Global, program–year dataset on DDR design, implementation, and relapse outcomes.

Download dataset Codebook Replication files

Coverage

83 DDR programs; 407 program-years

Unit of analysis

Program–year (counting-process format)

Core content

DDR design + implementation + outcomes

Linkages

Keyed to UCDP/PRIO conflict identifiers

What DDR-40 measures

DDR-40 documents the universe of operational disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs worldwide from 1980 to 2020. The dataset is designed for cross-national research on why armed organizations comply with demilitarization—or return to arms while DDR is underway. It records programs that include at least two DDR components: weapon collection/disposal, formal discharge from command structures, and reintegration assistance.

Program features: target group(s), estimated membership size, whether multiple armed groups are processed, group type (state military vs. non-state; integrated vs. fragmented), cantonment duration, budget, and who implements the program (national, international, or mixed).
DDR implementation: annual implementation scores for disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration on a 0–3 scale (no action to full implementation), comparable across cases and years.
Peacebuilding context: annual implementation of key peace-accord provisions—rights protections (e.g., amnesty, prisoner release, women’s and children’s rights) and institutional reforms (executive, legislative, electoral, constitutional, judicial, and military reform)—also on a 0–3 scale.
Outcomes: program-year indicators of relapse, including rearmament during DDR, factional rearmament, and rearmament after program completion, linked to conflict recurrence in UCDP/PRIO data.

How it’s built

DDR-40 was compiled from academic and documentary sources across nine languages, including peace agreements, UN and World Bank documents, IOM publications, truth commission materials, human rights reports, and news archives. For older programs and cases with limited public coverage, the project drew on additional archival materials and practitioner documentation. A structured recoding effort by independent research assistants was used to assess and improve reliability and consistency across cases.

Best uses

Comparative studies of DDR success/failure and conflict recurrence.
Testing how institutional reforms and rights-based commitments shape compliance with disarmament.
Evaluating how program scale, fragmentation, and implementation capacity influence relapse risks.
Merging with subnational data (e.g., homicide, illicit economies, elections) via country-year or conflict-ID keys.

Planned release: DDR-40, the codebook, and documentation will be hosted on Harvard Dataverse, with a changelog and updates mirrored on this website.

Additional datasets

In progress / available upon request

I maintain additional original datasets used in related projects (e.g., subnational peacebuilding and post-conflict violence). As those projects are published, I will add public releases and replication packages here.